11 - Bose-Einstein condensation nuclear fusion: Applications
(Source: New Energy Times)
Yeong E. Kim, Prof. . Purdue University Department of Physics West Lafayette Indiana United States

Applications of recently developed theory of Bose-Einstein condensation nuclear fusion (BECNF) [1] are described. The experimental results of deuteron-induced nuclear reactions in metal observed in electrolysis and gas loading experiments show many different signatures of nuclear fusion (excess heat including “heat-after-death”, nuclear ashes, radiations, formation of micro-scale craters, etc.). The theory is capable of explaining most of these diverse experimental results. Theoretical explanations of the experimental observations will be described. Key experimental tests of theoretical predictions will be discussed.


[1] Y. E. Kim, “Theory of Bose-Einstein Condensation Mechanism for Deuteron-Induced Nuclear Reactions in Micro/Nano-Scale Metal Grains and Particles”,
Naturwissenschaften (2009) 96:803-811 (published online 14 May 2009) and references therein.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 08:40 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

12 - Bose-Einstein condensation nuclear fusion: Theory

Yeong E. Kim, Prof. . Purdue University Department of Physics West Lafayette Indiana United States

Theory of Bose-Einstein condensation nuclear fusion (BECNF) [1] has been developed to explain many diverse experimental results of deuteron-induced nuclear reactions in metals observed in electrolysis and gas loading experiments. The theory is based on a single conventional physical concept of Bose-Einstein condensation of deuterons in metal and provides a consistent theoretical description of many of the diverse experimental results. It also has predictive powers as expected for a quantitatively predictive physical theory. The basic concept and important features of the BECNF theory will be presented. [1] Y. E. Kim, “Theory of Bose-Einstein Condensation Mechanism for Deuteron-Induced Nuclear Reactions in Micro/Nano-Scale Metal Grains and Particles”, Naturwissenschaften (2009) 96:803-811 (published on line 14 May 2009) and references therein.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 08:55 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

13 - Wave model and its implication to an environmental safe nuclear reactor

Xing Z. Li, Prof., PhD . Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China

Enrico Fermi built the first fission reactor successfully just three years after the discovery of nuclear fission because he developed an age theory to describe the neutron slowing-down process in time. The fast neutron was treated as a granular particle until its energy approaches thermal energy; then, the resonance of neutron wave enhances the fission cross-section greatly. The deuterium/palladium system has shown its prospect as an environmental safe nuclear reactor. We have to deal with deuteron wave inside palladium lattice from the beginning. The key parameter is the ratio of absorption to transmission. A wave model is established to optimize this key parameter based on the correlation between deuterium flux and the heat effect (Tsinghua University). An identity has been derived to explain the experimental results. It is qualitatively consistent with super wave phenomena (Israel Energetics), ultrasonic stimulation (Stringham, Arata), super lattice effect (Iwamura, Kobe group), etc. The implication of an environmental safe nuclear reactor will be discussed.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 09:10 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

14 - Tunneling beneath the 4He* fragmentation energy

Andrew Meulenberg, DR, PhD Krityunja P Sinha, Prof, PhD . HiPi Consulting Frederick MD United States, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka India

A mechanism, involving optical phonons and electric fields (internally or externally generated) in a lattice forms D- D+ pairs, reduces the repulsive d-d Coulomb barrier (length and height), and increases the tunneling probability by > 100 orders of magnitude. The energy required to overcome the d-d potential barrier, comes from the electron pair in the potential well of one of the deuterons. With this greatly enhanced barrier-penetration probability, the energy level of nuclei with reasonable tunneling probability drops from the multi-100 keV range down into the eV range. Normal tunneling is into resonant states above the fragmentation energy. In the lattice, with tightly-bound electrons sharing the deuterons' energy, the possibility of a lower-energy excited nucleus becomes real. If the excited nucleus, 4He*, cannot fragment, and 0-0 gamma decay is highly forbidden, this model accounts for all the unusual experimental observations of CMNS (i.e., tritium, 3He, neutrons, 4He, and transmutation).

Sunday, March 21, 2010 09:30 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

15 - Theoretical aspects on deuterons-to-⁴He channels

Akito Takahashi, Prof., PhD . Research Department 1 Technova Inc. Suita Osaka Japan

The two body d + d fusion cannot give ⁴He as major product. If there happens the ⁴He* (Ex) state with Ex < 19.8 MeV, the final product becomes ⁴He with ground state, after electromagnetic transition. To realize this process by a d+d reaction, there should exist the third coupling field which must take more than the 4 MeV difference energy (23.8 MeV - 19.8 MeV; here 23.8 MeV is Q-value of a d+d fusion) of the d-d system in the initial state interaction. The many-body interaction process between the d+d pairing and the third field of photon-phonon coupling in the lattice of condensed matter may be considered. Due to the very short range force of d+d strong interaction and its very short life time of virtual intermediate compound state, no processes have ever been proved to remove the 4 MeV gap energy. Deuteron-cluster fusion, i.e,. 4D fusion, can produce ⁴He-atoms as major ash of reactions, and tritons, protons, and deuterons as minor products. To realize the conditions of 4D fusion, the microscopic ordering/constraint process for the dynamic Platonic symmetry should be satisfied. The 4D/TSC model by the author is one of theoretical models which can give rational explanations to the key CMNS/LENR experimental results, such as heat emission with ⁴He ash and without neutrons. The paper discusses also on explanation of the SPAWAR result of high energy neutrons and the Kobe result of 2-6 MeV charged particle spectra observed in the nano-Pd/ZrO₂ D-charging condition.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 09:50 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

16 - Final products of 4D-fusion by tetrahedral symmetric condensate
(Source: New Energy Times)
Akito Takahashi, Prof., PhD . Technova Inc. Suita Osaka Japan

Our TSC theory papers have been published in LENR-Sourcebook Vols.1 and 2 by ACS in 2008 and 2009. In this paper we further discuss and predict possible final products by 4D-fusion via intermediate compound nucleus ⁸Be*(Ex=47.6MeV). For the cases of even spin-parity transitions through the initial state, intermediate compound state (⁸Be*) and final out-going channels, we predict final products, which will be mostly charged particles of a-particles, tritons, deuterons and protons with various energies discretely distributing in the region from 0.2 to 23.8MeV. Especially, a-particles with lower energies in 2-5 MeV region will be dominantly produced through fragmentations of ⁸Be* via excited states of fragmented nuclei as ⁴He* and ⁶Li*. The 23.8 MeV a-particle peak will not be major channel. Significant emission of tritons (1-5 MeV in kinetic energy) is predicted through symmetric and asymmetric fragmentations of ⁸Be*. These tritons will induce secondary t-d reactions in its slowing down process in PdDx matter to emit weak amount of 10-17 MeV high energy neutrons which would have been observed by SPAWAR experiments and in our past experiments in 1990s.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 10:05 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

17 - Modeling excess heat in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment

Peter L. Hagelstein, Prof. Irfan U. Chaudhary, Prof. . Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States, Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan

We review results obtained in modeling the surface electrochemistry, deuterium diffusion, phonon excitation, coherent dynamics, and helium diffusion relevant to excess heat production in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 10:20 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

18 - Underlying mechanism of the nuclear CF implied by the energy-momentum consevation

Tetsuo Sawada, Dr. . Institute of Quantum Science Nihon University Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan

The final states of the d-d reactions in vacuum at low energy are t+p and He(3)+n with 50% each. On the other hand in the nuclear CF, the reaction changes to d+d ->He(4). However the two conservations are not compatible in the latter reaction. Namely from the momentum conservation the momentum q of He(4) must be zero, whereas the energy conservation requires q=422MeV. To recover the consistency, it must proceed under the influence of the localized external field, whose spread is Dr=0.47 fm. from the uncertainty relation. There is only one candidate which satifies all the requirements. It is magnetic field produced by the magnetic monopole.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 10:40 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

19 - Ultra high density deuterium clusters for low energy nuclear reactions

George H Miley, Prof. Xiaoling Yang, Dr. Heinz Hora, Prof. . Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering University of Illinois Urbana IL United States, Department of Theoretical Physics University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

Our low energy nuclear reaction research (LENR) has embedded ultra high density deuterium “clusters” (D cluster) in Palladium (Pd) thin films. These clusters approach metallic conditions, exhibiting super conducting properties. [1] They represent “nuclear reactive sites” needed for LENR. The resulting reactions are vigorous, giving the potential for a high power density cell. Clusters are achieved through electrochemically loading-unloading deuterium into a thin metal palladium film creating local defects which form a strong potential trap where deuterium condenses into “clusters” of ~100 atoms. Research now focuses on nano-manufactured structures to achieve a high volumetric density of these trap sites. Alternately condensed deuterium inverted Rydberg 2.3-pm deuteron spacing is being studied. [2] To initiate reactions in these ultra high density deuterium clusters, efficient ways are needed to excite the deuterium via a momentum pulse. One is through pulsed electrolysis to achieve high fluxes of deuterons hitting the clusters. [3] Another method uses ion bombardment from a pulsed plasma glow discharge. [4] Electron beam and laser irradiation represent other approaches to be explored.
[1] AG Lipson, BJ Heuser, CH Castano, A Celik-Aktas, Physics Letters A. 339 (2005) 414-423.
[2] Holmlid, Hora, Miley Yang, Laser and Part. Beams 27, 529 (2009)
[3] X. Yang, G. H. Miley, H. Hora, 2009, SPESIF-2009, AIP Conf. Proceeding, 1103, pp. 450-458
[4] A.G. Lipson, A.S. Rusetskii, A.B. Karabut, and G. Miley, J. of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 100, No.6, pp. 1334-1349, (2005)

Sunday, March 21, 2010 11:00 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

20 - Heavy electrons in nano-structure clusters in solid surfaces and their interactions with positive nuclei (protons and deuterons)

Dimiter Alexandrov, Prof., PhD . Department of Electrical Engineering Lakehead University Thunder Bay Ontario Canada

The existence of heavy electrons is found theoretically in nano-structure clusters that are in the solid surfaces. Basis of the investigation is the electron band structures of nano-structure clusters in these surfaces. The existence of electron energy pockets is found for the electrons in the conduction bands of these clusters that can be considered to be nano-confining potential valleys of dimensions in the range of the primitive cell. The Schroedinger equation is solved and the following conclusions are found based on the solution: i) the electron effective mass changes when the confined electron interacts with both positive nuclei and external electro-dynamic field and it can increase significantly determining the electron as heavy (m_eff > 400 m₀); ii) the critical electron effective mass is determined as value for which the distance between the electron and the deuteron (proton) becomes 1.5fm, and the corresponding parameters of the electro-dynamic field such as magnitude and frequency are found. It is found that a stable electron-deuteron (proton) domain appears.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 11:20 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

21 - Only conventionally viable cold nuclear fusion theory?

Robert W Bass, Prof retired, PhD . 5208 Bryant Irvin Road (#3144 Fort Worth TX United States

Bass June 1991 gave only known Cold Fusion theory based upon accepted Quantum Mechanics which corrects Princeton "Einstein Prof. of Science" James Peebles' QM book's mistakenly localized "disproof of CF possibility" that ignored global nature of problem, such as Bloch's Theorem re periodic lattices, & passes the "Rabinowitz Acid Test" by correctly predicting CF in heavy water but not in ordinary water with a Pd cathode but vice versa with Ni cathode & also predicts with 97% accuracy the empirically measured Schwinger Ratio & shows in Bass's MIT Cold Fusion Colloquium lecture "Do Conjectures/Concepts of Schwinger, Turner, Chubb, R. Bush, Lamb & Parmenter, et al Resolve the Chief Challenge to Cold Fusion Theory?" how to develop a more elaborate algorithm that would be usefully predictive re external stimuli triggering "resonant transparency of Coulomb Barrier" when Schwinger Ratio is closer to an odd than an even integer.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 11:40 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

49 - Possible d/d enhancement reaction rates by using 0.5 to 1 keV deuterons on metallic lattices

Jacques Dufour, . Department of Nuclear Sciences CNAM Paris Ile de France France

Recently, experimental observations were made, showing an enhancement of d/d reaction rates, for energies of the deuteron between 3000 and 10000 eV on the one hand [1] and at very low energy of the deuteron on the other hand [2]. For both experiments, this enhancement was ascribed to the screening effect of the electrons of the metallic lattice where the reactions take place. In [3], it was suggested that a coupling between the deuterons in the target with the incident deuterons could explain this enhancement (fusion reactions taking place between the deuterons already trapped in the target). This possible effect was evaluated and a potentially interesting window for the energy of the incident deuterons was identified (0.5 to 1 keV). A prototype has been built to generate deuterons in the required window. It will be described and the first results will be presented. Some indications will be given on the (existing) means to upscale the process in case of success with the prototype. References:
[1] A. Huke et al. Enhancement of deuterons fusion reactions in metals and experimental implications. Physical Review C, 78:015803, 2008.
[2] P.A Mossier Boss et al. Use of CR-39 in Pd/D co-deposition experiments. Eur. Phys. J.appli. Phys. 40, 293-303 (2007).
[3] J. Dufour. Possible existence of an attractive Yukawa type of potential and consequences on the understanding of alpha disintegration constants and d/d reactions at low energy of the deuteron. Submitted 18-02-2009 to Physical Review C.
J. Dufour Laboratoire des Sciences Nucléaires CNAM, 2 rue Conté 75003 Paris France

Sunday, March 21, 2010 01:30 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

50 - Light water electrolysis with pulsed current between two cathode connections: Search for excess heat

Winthrop Williams, Dr. Robert Godes, . Department of Electrical Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA United States, Brillouin Energy Corp. Berkeley CA United States

Sodium hydroxide solution is electrolyzed between nickel wire cathode and anode, and evolved gases recombined to water within the cell. Cathode wire ends are connected to a high-current alternating pulse generator. A control cell, operated simultaneously, has ohmic heater in place of electrolysis. Temperatures are compared to detect excess heat.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 01:50 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

51 - Does gas loading produce anomalous heat?

David A Kidwell, Dr., PhD David L Knies, Dr., PhD Kenneth S Grabowski, Dr., PdD . Chemistry Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC United States, Materials Science and Technology Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC United States

Pressurization of nanosized palladium with deuterium appears to be a simpler and more rapid method to generate anomalous heat compared to electrolytic systems. In hundreds of reactions, we have routinely prepared palladium nanoparticles inside an aluminosilicate matrix and have found that these systems produce up to 8 fold more heat with deuterium compared to hydrogen. Furthermore, a characteristic signature of a pressurization reaction is its reversibility - the heat released upon pressurization should be absorbed upon evacuation. This reversibility is observed with hydrogen but not deuterium where heat in > heat out. Although we are still seeking conventional explanations for this excess heat, it does not appear to be explained by impurities in the deuterium gas nor other simple chemical or physical sources. The selection and preparation of the particles, the experimental set-up, and results will be discussed.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 02:10 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

52 - Chemical and electrochemical studies of co-deposition systems in H₂O and D₂O


Melvin H Miles, DR, Phd . Dixie State College St. George UT United States

Experimental studies including cyclic voltammetry (CVA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed on several co-deposition systems. The palladium deposited onto a copper substrate for both the PdCl₂ + LiCl and the PdCl₂ + NH₄Cl + NH₄OH solutions produced high capacitance values (100 Farads per gram of Pd) equal to those of supercapitor materials. These high capacitance values for the deposited palladium produced a collapsing and tilting of the cyclic voltammograms that approached Ohm's Law behavior. This behavior is predicted for large capacitance electrodes when using faster voltage scans. The main focus in these experiments was on the 0.025 M PdCl₂ + 0.15 M NH₄Cl + 0.15 M NH₄OH system because the deuterium analog produced excess power in three out of three prior experiments. Each Pd⁺⁺ ion deposited is replaced by two H⁺ ions to maintain electroneutrality, and the electrolysis gases (H₂, O₂) drive off the NH₃, thus large pH changes occur (pH = 8.87 to pH = 1.25). Chlorine evolution and the formation of nitrogen trichloride (NCl₃) occur under acidic conditions, but this unwanted chemistry can be avoided by the simple addition of LiOH following the co-deposition step. Calorimetric results giving large excess heat effects were found for the deuterated co-deposition systems.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 02:30 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

53 - Measurements of excess power effects in Pd/D₂O systems using a new isoperibolic calorimeter

Melvin H Miles, Dr Martin Fleischmann, Prof . Dixie State College St. George UT United States, Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton - United Kingdom

Relative inexpensive isoperibolic calorimeters have been designed and constructed with the goal of obtaining a constant heat transfer coefficient that is insensitive to normal changes in the electrolyte level. The first four prototypes were constructed from copper tubing and used different insulating materials. The outer copper cylinder has a 5.1 cm (2.0 inch) diameter and a 28 cm length. The inner copper cylinder (3.2 cm x 20 cm) is completely separated from the outer cylinder by the insulating material. The glass electrochemical cell (2.5 cm x 20 cm) positioned inside the inner copper cylinder contains 50 mL of electrolyte and has two thermistors positioned on opposite sides of the outer wall of the glass cell. Thermal contact between the glass cell and the inner copper tube is provided by Mobil 1 (5W-30W) motor oil (50 mL) as a heat conducting fluid. This calorimetric design provides for high cell operating temperatures. The heat transfer coefficient (k_C) for Cell B is 0.1334 W/K, the heat capacity (C_pM) is 456 J/K and the time constant is 40 minutes. Measurements of excess power effects using this new calorimeter will be reported. Financial help is acknowledged by M.H.M. from an anonymous fund at the Denver Foundation via Dixie State College.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 02:45 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

54 - Heat and radiation generation during hydrogenation of CH compound

Tadahiko Mizuno, Dr, PhD . Hydrogen Engineering Application and Development Company Sapporo Japan

Securing new sources of energy has become a major concern, because fossil fuels are expected to be depleted within several decades. In some of the major wars of the 20^th century, control of oil was either a proximate cause or a decisive factor in the outcome. Especially in Japan and Germany, a great deal of research was devoted to making liquid fuels from coal. In one such experiment, a large amount of excess heat was observed. The present study was devoted to replicating and controlling that excess heat effect. The reactant is phenanthrene, a heavy oil fraction, which is subjected to high pressure and high heat in the presence of a metal catalyst. This results in the production of excess heat and strong penetrating electromagnetic radiation. After the reaction, an analysis of residual gas reveals a variety of hydrocarbons, but it seems unlikely that these products can explain the excess heat. Most of them form endothermically, and furthermore heat production reached 60 W. Overall heat production exceeded any conceivable chemical reaction by two orders of magnitude.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 03:00 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

55 - Hybrid, high temperature CMNS reactor: Progress report of experiments performed at INFN-LNF (Italy)

Francesco Celani, Dr P Marini, Dr V. di Stefano, V. di Stefano, M. Nakamura, O. M. Calamai, A. Spallone, E. Purchi, V. Andreassi, B. Ortenzi, E. Righi, G. Trenta, G. Cappuccio(, D. Hampai, F. Piastra, A. Nuvoli, . Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (1) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Frascati (Rome)- Italy, ISCMNS_Group, International Society of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Rome Italy

Since ICCF14 Conference (2008), our Group presented experimental data on procedures to generate anomalous excess power (up to 5W) at high temperature (400- 500° C). The device was based on innovative hybrid system: long (65 cm) and thin (F=50 mm) Pd wire was multi-coated by a "mixture" of nanomaterials (including Pd) and applied large electromigration currents (to 45000 A/cm²). Such Pd nano-coated wire was inserted into a SS chamber (walls at 30° C) and applied: pressurized Deuterium gas (to 8 bar), high temperature (to 500° C, due to electromigration). A similar Pt wire, used as blank, was put in close contact with the Pd wire and both electrically insulated by fibre-glass sheaths. No anomalous effects were found using ⁴He gas. In order to further improve, and increase, the anomalous excess power (and, overall, transfer the anomalous high temperature from the Pd wire to the SS wall) was build a compact new reactor. Several deleterious problems arose because S emission from the SS wall: S poisoned the catalytic proprieties of nanocoated wire. Now is under test a new SS reactor with internal walls covered by a further Cu (3N) tube. In principle, such improved new reactor can operate up to: 800° C, 50 bar. We will report the latest experimental results.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 03:20 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

56 - Improvement of thermal irradiation by nanocoating of thin wires

Francesco Celani, Dr P Marini, V di Stefano, M Nakamura, O. M. Calamai, A. Spallone, E. Purchi, V Andreassi, B Ortenzi, E Righi, G Trenta, G Cappuccio, D Hampai, F Piastra, A Nuvoli, . Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Frascati Rome Italy, ISCMNS_Group International Society of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Rome Italy

During experiments on CMNS (ICCF14 Conference, 2008), we observed that the apparent self-temperature (by Joule heating) of a long (l=65cm) and thin (F=50mm) Pd wire with the surface slightly nano-coated (under ⁴He gas), was lower than a similar one of Pt with regular surface. A second Pt wire, close to the Pd or Pt, was used as an independent test of the temperatures. In order to elucidate the phenomenon, we built a dedicated apparatus: to maximize the effect, the reaction chamber was kept under mild vacuum (10^-4Atm) and a second wire, of Pt, was kept close to the Pd under test in order to cross-check the results. Experiments were made, without opening the reactor, with "virgin" Pd wire with surface oxidized à virgin à after H₂ absorption and proper degassing of virgin wire. The results showed that the surface modified wires have a temperature as low as 90° C (specially that after H₂ treatments), in the temperature range of 400-600° C, in respect to the virgin one. A more sophisticated apparatus is under construction and we will test also the nano-coated Pd wires. Such effects can be applied in devices that need large heat dissipation under vacuum conditions (like satellites). The phenomenon was predicted by Max Plank but never observed at macroscopic levels.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 03:35 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

57 - Material characterization of Pd foils employed in calorimetric electrochemical experiments

Francesca Sarto, Dr E Castagna, S Lecci, V Violante, . ENEA Frascati Rome Italy

A research activity has been carried out during the last years, focused on the investigation of the effect of the metallurgy and surface characteristics of the Pd cathodes on the reproducibility of excess heat production in electrochemical experiments. A systematic approach has been followed in the characterization of the material status of the Pd foils used as cathodes, resulting in the development of a database including all the information collected for each sample. The employed characterization techniques included scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x ray micro-analysis, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, light scattering, nano-indentation. A critical analysis of the experimental results will be presented, aimed to identify correlations of the investigated properties with the excess heat reproducibility and to outline the limits and potentialities of the characterization techniques.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 03:50 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

58 - Role of surface properties in the electromagnetic field interaction with the Pd/electrolyte interface

Francesca Sarto, Dr E Castagna, S Lecci, V Violante, . ENEA Frascati Rome Italy

The evolution of the electromagnetic field at the Pd cathode/electrolyte interface during hydrogen (deuterium) loading is a complex mechanism that involves the modifications of the surface properties of the metallic electrode. In particular, the variation of the dielectric constant of the metal due to hydrogen (deuterium) permeation and charge polarization and the roughening of the surface morphology can affect the electromagnetic field spatial distribution in the region close to the metal/electrolyte interface. A tentative model to describe such effects will be presented, with the aim to get a qualitative estimate of the relevance of these mechanisms to the excess heat production, and to give insight into the experimentally observed correlations between excess heat occurrence and cathode surface properties.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 04:05 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

59 - Impact of an applied magnetic field on a high electrical impedance LANR device

Mitchell Swartz, Dr, PhD . JET Energy Inc. United States

We report on the solution electrical conductance of a lattice assisted nuclear reaction device in a static magnetic field. Dual anode PhusonÃ’ - type Pd/D₂O-Pd(OH)₂/Au (DAP) LANR devices were driven at their optimal operating point. Two current sources drove the loading and the 4 terminal electrical conductance examination of the loading PdD_x cathode. The applied magnetic field intensity was -0.1 Tesla. The magnetic field decreased the solution electrical conductance of the operational DAP LANR system from 196.5 to 166.5 microsiemens (15.2 % decrease). The decrease was greatest for lower electrical driving current (1ma vs. 10 mA input current yielded 13.1^+(-2.9)% vs 7.87^+(-7.4)% incremental conductance decrease). The decrease was greatest when the applied magnetic field was parallel to the driving electrical field intensity (parallel vs perpendicular 15.2% vs 0-9.8%). A larger impact resulted from increasing applied current (1 to 10 mA) which yielded a 76 % increase in solution electrical conductance, irrespective of any applied H-field.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 04:20 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

60 - Anomalous heat evolution in charging of Pd nano-powders with hydrogen isotopes

Akira Kitamura, Prof. Yu Sasaki, Yuki Miyoshi, Akira Taniike, Assoc. Prof. Akito Takahashi, Prof. Emeritus Reiko Seto, Yushi Fujita, . Division of Marine Engineering Kobe University, Graduate School of Maritime Sciences Kobe Japan, Technova Inc. Tokyo Japan

Using a revised twin system capable of calorimetry for Arata-Zhang-type gas loading experiments, we have found that hydrogen isotope gas charging of Pd nano-powders can produce anomalously large energy, and that the effect is a strong function of the particle size [Phys. Lett. A, 373 (2009) 3109-3112]. The 10-nmø nano-composite of Pd·ZrO₂ produced energy of 2.4±0.2 (1.8±0.4) eV/D(H)-atom, as well as large loading ratio of D(H)/Pd = 1.1 ± 0.0 (1.1 ± 0.3), respectively. These values are significantly larger than those of 0.1-mø Pd powders, 0.26 (0.20) eV/D(H)-atom with D(H)/Pd = 0.44 (0.44), and those of Pd-black, 0.66 (0.62) eV/D(H)-atom with D(H)/Pd = 0.84 (0.79). Multilateral diagnostics for the sample are performed to clarify the underlying physics; in situ monitoring of neutron and gamma-ray, a Si surface-barrier detector (SSBD) or an ion-implanted Si detector (IISD) for charged particles, an imaging plate (IP) for sample radioactivity, PIXE for elemental analysis, and QMS for ⁴He detection.

Sunday, March 21, 2010 04:40 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

86 - Characterization of nuclear emissions resulting from Pd/D co-deposition

Pamela A. Mosier-Boss, Dr. Frank E. Gordon, Dr. Lawrence P.G. Forsley, Mr. . Code 71730 SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific San Diego CA United States, retired retired San Diego CA United States, S&T JWK International Annandale VA United States

Evidence of heat from Pd/D co-deposition includes SEMs showing molten-like features and infrared imaging showing that the cathode is the heat source and not the Joule effect. However, heat does not, by itself, prove that nuclear processes are occurring inside the deuterium-loaded palladium lattice. This requires the detection of some nuclear ash. The results of new CR-39 results will be discussed as well as neutron and gamma ray emissions resulting from the application of the Superwave, and other, charging protocols to the Pd/D co-deposition process.

Monday, March 22, 2010 08:30 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

87 - Hot spots, chain events and micro-nuclear explosions

Mahadeva Srinivasan, Dr. . Physics Group Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai Trombay Mumbai India

During 1990, we presented results that suggested the occurrence of micro-nuclear explosions at localized hot spots in which both Tritium and neutrons are generated in deuterated Pd and Ti samples, based on the measurement of the multiplicity distribution of neutron counts, It was estimated that 10¹² to 10¹⁴ LENR reactions take place in these hot spots. The rationale for arriving at the micro nuclear explosion hypothesis is examined in a comprehensive review paper included in the ACS LENR Source Book Vol 2 (2009). Recently other researchers have reported observing hot spots in their excess heat producing cathodes. It is speculated that the concept of micro nuclear explosions can be extended to heat generating helium producing reactions also. Theoretical models which depend on the catalyzing role of intermediary agents such as Bose-Einstein condensates, Erzions, poly neutrons, trapped neutrons, etc. support the possibility of occurrence of such chain events.

Monday, March 22, 2010 08:50 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

88 - Charged particle emissions from the surface of the Pd and Ti deuterides upon their excitation with electron and X-ray beams

Andrei Lipson, Dr. Ivan Chernov, Prof. Alexei Roussetski, Dr. Michael E. Melich, Prof. Boris Lyakhov, Dr. Aslan Tsivadze, Prof. Andrey Lider, Dr. . A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk Russian Federation, P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA United States

[Presented posthumously by Jan Marwan and George Miley] Electron beam stimulated emission of energetic charged particles accompanying deuterium desorption from a metal deuteride target has been detected. The targets represented deuterium loaded Pd/PdO and Ti foils of 50 micron thick. The charged particles energies and identities were determined using a set of accelerator calibrated CR-39 detectors covered with various metal foils. We observed statistically significant emission of DD-reaction product (3 MeV protons) and energetic charged particles (11-20 MeV) in experiments with the Pd/PdO:D_x and the TiDx targets in vacuum, stimulated by a weak electron beam (J ~ 0.6 mA/cm², U = 30 keV). We also obtained similar, but more intensive emissions during irradiation of the TiDx target with X-ray tube ((U =100 kV, I =5.0 mA) at ambient conditions in air atmosphere. Our data support the theoretical prediction that electron excitation of a D- subsystem in metal deuterides can result in significant changes in the associated dynamics.

Monday, March 22, 2010 09:10 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

89 - Anomalous hydrogen evolution subject to pulsed electric explosion of thin titanium foils in water

Leonid I Urutskoev, Dr. Dmitry V Filippov, Dr. Anri A Rukhadze, Prof. Larion A Lebedev, Dr. . Moscow State University of Printing Arts Moscow Russian Federation, RECOM, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” Moscow Russian Federation, General Physics Institute (Russian Academy Of Sciences) Moscow Russian Federation, State Research and Development Center for Expertise of Projects and Moscow Russian Federation

Experimental studies of pulsed electric explosion of thin titanium foils in de-ionized bi-distillate (H₂O), with discharge power of ~ 0.2 GW, are described. We have reliably established that an electric explosion of titanium foil in water induces production of a considerable amount of molecular hydrogen (N_H2 ~ 2×10²² molecules). The quantity of formed hydrogen was carefully measured by means of the diversified techniques. It was shown that the origin of about half of this amount (0.5 litre) cannot be explained by water decomposition. Careful search of the “impurity” hydrogen source was not crowned with success. The authors advanced a hypothesis on the nuclear mechanism of the origin of observed molecular hydrogen. Test experiments was made and obtained a number of the results to back up the hypothesis.

Monday, March 22, 2010 09:30 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

90 - Nuclear transmutation in a gas-loading D/Pd system

Bin Liu, Dr., PhD Xingzhong Li, Prof., PhD QingMing Wei, ChangLin Liang, Dr., PhD JinZhi Yu, Dr., PhD . Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China, China ShenHua Energy Company Limited ShenHua Group Corporation Beijing China

When deuterium gas permeates through a thin palladium film, it was thought as a diffusion process only. However, after ~80 times absorption and desorption processes accompanied with permeations, nuclear transmutation was discovered on the surface of palladium film using SEM (scanning electron microscopy). At first glance, it was noticed that the macroscopic deformation of palladium was so large that the palladium film might increase its thickness while decrease its diameter of a rounded palladium film. The stress at the rounded sealing line might even cut the palladium film into two pieces: the central rounded piece and the ring-shape edge piece. SEM analysis revealed that new elements (Cu, Zn, Si, etc.) were detected in the permeation area, but there were no such elements in the original palladium film or in the ring-shape area where no permeation happened. The temperature of palladium film was much higher than that of Iwamura experiments in Advanced Technology Research Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Besides, there was no super lattice on the surface of our palladium films. Metallography analysis will be shown as well.

Monday, March 22, 2010 09:45 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

91 - On the production of energy and helium in low energy nuclear reactions

John C. Fisher, . Neutronics Corporation United States

Competing theories of low energy nuclear reactions lead to distinct predictions for the energy to helium production ratio. For deuterium fuel many theories predict a ratio of 24 MeV per ⁴He corresponding to the fusion reaction ²H + ²H ® ⁴He. Polyneutron theory predicts 20 MeV per ⁴He corresponding to the overall reaction 4(²H) ® 4(¹H) + ⁴He. Both predictions are lower limits that neglect the energy that may be generated in helium-free side reactions such as transmutations. Both lie within the experimental uncertainty of current measurements. It may be possible to distinguish among theories by measuring the energy to helium ratio in experiments using lithium as fuel. Polyneutron theory predicts a ratio in the range 2.7-5.5 MeV per ⁴He for lithium fuels depending on the mix of Li isotopes. Experimental confirmation of this ratio would strongly favor polyneutron theory.

Monday, March 22, 2010 10:00 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

92 - Low energy nuclear transmutation reactions induced by deuterium permeation through multilayer Pd and CaO thin film

Yasuhiro Iwamura, Dr. Takehiko Itoh, Noriko Yamazaki, Noriko Watari, Dr. Jirohta Kasagi, Prof. Yasuko Terada, Dr. Tetsuya Ishikawa, Dr. . Advanced Technology Research Center Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, ltd Yokohama Kanagawa Japan, Laboratory of Nuclear Science Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi Japan, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute Sayo-gun Hyogo Japan, SPring-8 Center RIKEN Sayo-gun Hyogo Japan

Low energy nuclear transmutations in condensed matter have been observed in the Pd complexes, which are composed of Pd and CaO thin film and Pd substrate, induced by D2 gas permeation through Pd multilayer complexes[1]. Permeation of deuterium is attained by exposing one side of the Pd complex to D2 gas while maintaining the other side under vacuum conditions. Transmutation reactions of Cs into Pr, Ba into Sm and Sr into Mo were observed. Especially, transmutation of Cs into Pr has been confirmed by in situ measurement using x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) at SPring-8 in Japan. Similar experiments have been performed by some researchers and positive results have been obtained in some cases. However, more systematic experiments and theoretical approaches are required for making clear the nature of this phenomenon. [1] Y. Iwamura et.al, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41 (2002) 4642-4648.

Monday, March 22, 2010 10:20 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

93 - Anomalous elements on the cathode surface after aqueous electrolysis

John Dash, Dr . Portland State University Portland OR United States

The presence of localized concentrations of an anomalous element ( silver) on the surfaces of palladium cathodes after electrolysis in either light water or heavy water electrolyte was first reported in 1994 [1]. Similar results were reported for titanium cathodes after electrolysis in heavy water electrolyte [2]. More recently, off-the-shelf battery fluid (Sp.G. 1.26) was substituted for analytical-grade H₂SO₄ (Sp.G. 1.84) in the electrolyte. Silver was found in localized concentrations on palladium cathodes after electrolysis. These results are consistent with a mechanism proposed previously [1].
REFERENCES
[1] J. Dash, G. Noble, and D. Diman, "Surface Morphology and Microcomposition of Palladium Cathodes after Electrolysis in Acidified Light and Heavy Water: Correlation with Excess Heat" Trans. Fusion Technology, 26, 299(1994).
[2]. J. Warner and J. Dash, ' Heat Produced during the Electrolysis of D₂O with Titanium Cathodes', ICCF8 Conference Proceedings 70, 161, Societa Italiana Physica, Bologna, 2000, F. Scaramuzzi, editor.

Monday, March 22, 2010 10:40 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

94 - Anomalous transmutation in an emission-free exhaust gas handling system

Xingliu Jiang, Dr . Environmental Tech. Co. Ltd Yixing Jiangsu China, Department of Aeronaustics and Astronautics Beijing University Beijing China

The experimental results of anomalous nuclear reaction reported by Jiang, Borkris, Miley and Patterson plus similar results reported by Mizuno, et al. challenge the current atomic model.. The phenomenon seems highly reproducible. It appears that there are situations in which nuclei split open at the stimulus only chemical energies. Ronald J. Kovac reported that elemental transmutation appears to have occurred when a vacuum tube containing only nitrogen(¹⁴N) was exposed to electromagnetic force field. Gas spectrometer analysis revealed that the contents in the tube after electromagnetic shaping included substantial amounts of helium ⁴He and lithium Li.
A system for gas handling as an anomalous transmutation reaction discovered by Yuguang Zhang is described in this paper. The emission-free exhaust gas handling device (publication number WO 2008 083530) is provided, which is a container only having inlets. At least two stages of exchangers are provided in series in the container from an exhaust gas inlet and a mixing gas chamber arranged at the communicating location between two stages of exchangers. An exchanging gas chamber in the first stage of the exchanger is provided with an orifice communicating with air and each of the mixing gas chambers from the second to the last stage of exchangers is disposed with a return pipe communicating with the inlet of the first stage of the exchanger.

Monday, March 22, 2010 11:00 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

95 - Observation of radiation and transmutation processes of bubble cavitation in free water jet

Vladimir Vysotskii, Dr Alla A Kornilova, Dr . Radiophysical Dept Kiev National Shevchenko Univ., Kiev Ukraine, Department of Physics Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation

In this work we present our results on intensive cavitation-induced X-Ray radiation in supersonic water jet obtained either in free space or near the end of the water output channel. We deeply investigated the X-Ray generation during bubble cavitation at super-high pressures of water (from 200 atm up to 3000 atm). The minor part of this X-Ray radiation (E_x1 keV) was generated at the surface of the supersonic free water jet within the area of cavitation at any pressure. The energy of radiation released at the surface of the water output channel (made of stainless steel) was estimated to be E_x2 keV. In case lead covered the surface, the energy was found to be higher E_x»4.5-5 keV. The total activity of X-Ray generation was about 0.1 Ci. The different radiation phenomena were analysed and specifically detected by X-Ray photo-plates. Further experiments were combined with the cavitation-driven nuclear synthesis. The transmutation phenomena in the area of interaction of cavitating water jet at pure surfaces (e.g. made of Ag with purity 99.99%) will be presented and discussed.

Monday, March 22, 2010 11:20 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

96 - Model for sonofusion

Roger S Stringham, Mr. . First Gate Energies United States

Experimental sonofusion results needed a mechanism to explain the measured ⁴He, T, and heat produced. A model is introduced based on high-density low energy transient astrophysical behavior and it creates an environment for fusion events. The charged particles, deuterons and electrons, cavitationally implanted into a lattice where electrons are stripped from deuterons, charge separation, exist as accelerating electrons rushing back toward the deuteron cluster. The transient cluster is surrounded and stabilized by an accelerating shell of free electrons. Their EM forces squeeze and cool the deuteron contents into a BEC phase. The high Tc of the BEC deuteron cluster (no electrons are present) is due to the Mev differences between ground state and the next available energy state of the nuclear shell model. The fusion environment is essential to the cluster's low temperature and high density. Fusion events of this model are similar to those in muon fusion.

Monday, March 22, 2010 11:40 AM

New Energy Technologies (08:30 AM - 12:00 PM)

121 - Identifying the rate limiting steps in sustainable algae production for bioenergy

Andres F Clarens, Prof., PhD Eleazer Resurreccion, Mr. Lisa M Colosi, Prof., PhD . Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA United States

Algae are considered to be a promising source of next-generation biofuels even though significant technological barriers must be overcome before they can be cultivated on large scales. The results of a comparative life cycle assessment suggest that algae have a much larger environmental burden than either switchgrass or corn in several key impact areas, including greenhouse gas emissions and water use. These impacts are driven by the need to deliver large volumes of CO₂ and nutrients to the algae ponds. Algae's one advantage, its inherently small land footprint, suggests that, with improvements, algae could produce bioenergy more effectively than conventional alternatives. Toward realizing these improvements experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth of two microalgae species in wastewater, particularly source-separated urine. Growing algae in these solutions was found to have important implications on algae harvesting processes using filtration. The effects of wastewater composition on algae growth and membrane filtration will be demonstrated.

Monday, March 22, 2010 01:30 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

122 - Material science behind the Fleishmann and Pons effect

Vittorio Violante, Dr F Sarto, E Castagna, S Lecci, G Hubler, D Knies, K Grabowski, M McKubre, F Tanzella, T Zilov, . ENEA Italy, NRL Washington DC United States, SRI Menlo Park United States, Energetics Technologies Omer Israel

Statistical data on excess power production during the electrochemical deuterium loading of palladium cathodes reveal a fundamental role of the metal's state in producing the effect. The metallurgy affects the loading dynamics as well as the deuterium equilibrium concentration; a minimum threshold loading (D/Pd ~ 0.9) is necessary to observe the excess. The crystallographic orientation is also correlated with the phenomenon such that mainly <100> oriented samples gave the highest reproducibility. The third identified conditions concerns the character of the surface of the cathodes that has been identified by means of the power spectral density function. Materials having the above mentioned characteristics have been used to obtain a transportable reproducibility. Material design work has been performed leading to the manufacture of samples giving excess power. The amplitude of the excess is not yet reproducible. The role of the impurities in or on the metal, at the ppm level, seems to be crucial to obtaining the required palladium characteristics.

Monday, March 22, 2010 01:50 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

123 - Cryogenic calorimetry of "exploding" PdD_x wires

Francis Tanzella, Dr, PhD Michael Mc Kubre, Dr, PhD . SRI International United States

Several groups have reported anomalous effects in thin PdD_x materials stimulated by different forms of electro-diffusion. The ultimate extrapolation of this technology is the electrical heating of thin PdD_x wires resulting in destructive high-speed melting - "exploding wires". Exploding wire technology has been used for over 150 years to make fine metal particles. Using the techniques of Celani. et al., we are loading thin Pd wires electrochemically up to high loading and sealing their surface electrochemically. Using a novel gas-tight cryogenic calorimeter we can explode the sealed loaded wires safely and measure any excess energy released. We will also measure He formation and isotopic distribution as well as any ionizing radiation that might be produced.

Monday, March 22, 2010 02:10 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

124 - Method of low energy nuclear reactions acceleration by formation of correlated states of interacting particles

Vladimir Vysotskii, Prof Stanislav Adamenko, PhD . Radiophysical Dept Kiev National Shevchenko Univ Kiev Ukraine, Electrodynamics Laboratory "Proton-21" Kiev Ukraine

In this work we considered a more universal mechanism that could help optimise low energy nuclear reactions on the basis of correlated states of interacting particles. To understand this mechanism, it may provide significant increase of the barrier penetrability under critical conditions (low energy, high barrier), at which the rate of "ordinary" tunneling events is negligibly small, and can be applied to different experiments. The physical reason of the barrier penetrability increase is strongly combined with the modified uncertainty relation s_qs_p³ħ/2(1-r_qp²) of correlated states and with the increase of the momentum s_p and coordinate s_q variances as well as the correlation coefficient r_qp. We considered preconditions and methods of formation of correlated coherent states of interacting nuclei. It was shown, for the first time, that in real nuclear-physical systems very sharp rise (up to 10³⁰-10⁵⁰ and more times!) of the Coulomb barrier penetrability at low energy with the increase of r_qp is possible. Several successful low-energy correlated-induced fusion experiments will be discussed.

Monday, March 22, 2010 02:30 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

125 - Observation of excess power and isotope effect using D-Pd codeposition methods

Dennis Letts, Peter Hagelstein, . Lettslab Austin TX United States, MIT Cambridge MA United States

Results from a series of eight codeposition experiments using the methods originated by Szpak, Boss and Smith in 1990-91 are presented. Our preliminary findings appear to support the general claim that excess power is produced when palladium and deuterium are co-deposited on a metal substrate. We found further that a gold-plated copper cathode works better than bare copper. We also observed that excess power only appeared when the gold-plated copper cathode was electrolyzed inside a platinum wire anode cage with a deuterium-based electrolyte.

Monday, March 22, 2010 02:45 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

126 - Cold fusion, LENR, CMNS, FPE: One perspective on the state of the science

Michael C McKubre, Dr. . Department of Materials Research SRI International Menlo Park CA United States

It has become important to clarify in non‐specialist terms what is known and what is understood in the general field of so called Low Energy or Lattice Enhanced Nuclear Reactions (LENR). It is also crucial and timely to expose and elaborate what objections or reservations exist with regard to these new understandings. In essence we are concerned with the answers to the following three questions: What do we think we know? Why do we think we know it? Why do doubts still exist in the broader scientific community? Progress in the LENR field will be reviewed with primary focus on the experimental work performed at SRI by and with its close collaborators with a view to defining experiment‐based non‐traditional understandings of new physical effects in metal deuterides. Particular attention will be directed to the Fleischmann-Pons Effect, nuclear level heat from the deuterium-palladium, and the associated nuclear products: ⁴He; ³He; ³H.

Monday, March 22, 2010 03:00 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

127 - Catching CO₂: Natural products, big molecules and small molecules as H-bonding CO₂ receptors

John A. Tossell, Prof. . Department of Chemistry George Washington Univ. Washington, DC United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Univ. of Maryland College Park MD United States

There is a great need for the removal of CO₂ both from power plant effluents and directly from the atmosphere. We recently studied an amidourea macrocyclic complex with CO₃^-2, which was formed by the direct removal of CO₂ from the atmosphere. This
macrocycle contains an already assembled binding site coordinating all the O atoms of CO₃^-2 through H-bonding to N-H groups. However such macrocycles are expensive. We need either a cheap natural product or a cheap small molecule which can be readily obtained and will bind CO₂ or its hydrolysis products moderately strong. We have now used quantum chemical computational techniques to evaluate structures, stabilities and spectral properties for a number of complexes of CO₂ and its hydrolysis products with H-bonding receptor molecules in solution. The receptor molecules studied include the natural product prodigiosin, large synthetic molecules containing multiple amine groups and cheap, small molecules such as urea and ammonia.

Monday, March 22, 2010 03:20 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

128 - Beneficial uses of aluminum wastes instead of landfilling

G. Vincent Calder, Dr., PhD Timothy D. Stark, Professor, PhD . Environmental & Land Reclamation Chemtech-Engineering Racine WI United States, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Illinois Urbana IL United States

Recent field experiences show that landfills accepting both raw municipal solid waste
(RMSW) and incinerated RMSW (highly alkaline) can undergo a highly exothermic
amphoteric reaction of aluminum metal and alkaline water by the following reaction:

Al (metal) + (OH)-1(AQ) + 3 H2O(L) = [Al(OH-1)4]-1(AQ) + 3/2 H2 (Gas).

This and other reactions can result in the emission of noxious
fumes and damage to the engineered components of the landfill. This paper will investigate
methods for the beneficial use of aluminum wastes instead of landfilling and how to benefit if a landfill is unfortunately impacted by an aluminum reaction such as “mining” the thermal
energy produced using a Stirling type turbine to produce electricity, capturing
the hydrogen gas for use as a fuel, and excavating the aluminum waste and using it as a fuel source.

Monday, March 22, 2010 03:40 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

129 - Advances in new energy technologies with van der Waals and Casimir forces based on vacuum energy

Thorsten Ludwig, Dr. . Deutsche Vereinigung für Raumenergie DVR Berlin Berlin Germany

One of the most promising new energy technologies are those that use a vast vacuum state energy (vacuum fluctuations, zero point energy) as an energy resource. A fascinating effect in quantum field theory is the Casimir effect, which leads from microscopic fluctuations to a macroscopic force. This effect could be the basis for new energy technologies using ZPE. The effect is also closely related to the van der Waals forces. This work shows how to engineer the vacuum in order to built machines that run on zero point energy. In this report the method based on quartz tuning forks is described towards their usability for Casimir force measurements. Furthermore a design for Casimir force measurements that was set up in Berlin will be described, and practical experimental aspects will be discussed. A status report on the Casimir experiments will be given, including the experimental setup.

Monday, March 22, 2010 04:00 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

130 - Quantum field energy sensor based on the Casimir effect

Thorsten Ludwig, Dr. . Deutsche Vereinigung für Raumenergie DVR Berlin Berlin Germany

A number of new energy technologies aim to tap the quantum filed energy (vacuum fluctuations, zero point energy). In order to engineer this energy, the author saw the need to develop a sensor. The sensor is based on the Casimir effect. The sensor is necessary in order to study the effects of different geometries, materials and other external conditions on the quantum field energy. In this presentation the design and fundamental parameters of the sensor will be reported. The sensor uses a Casimir force measurement realized by a quartz tuning fork configuration. Furthermore an outlook will be given on which kind of new energy technologies can be studied with the sensor.

Monday, March 22, 2010 04:15 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

131 - Withdrawn.

Edward Esko, . Quantum Rabbit LLC Pittsfield MA United States

Title: Appearance of palladium on zinc anode under vacuum

In a vacuum discharge test conducted at Quantum Rabbit (QR) Lab in New Hampshire, USA, QR reserachers noted the anomalous appearance of palladium in test materials, including zinc and copper electrodes and sulfur oxygen catalyst. Significant traces of palladium were discovered by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Admission Spectroscopy.) Results confirm prediction about possible low energy nuclear reaction between zinc and sulfur, with the applied formula: 30Zn + 16S = 46Pd (zinc plus sulfur into palladium.)

Monday, March 22, 2010 04:30 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)

132 - Nanostructured palladium electrochemistry

Jan Marwan, Dr, PhD . Dr Marwan Chemie Germany

Electrochemical deposition of metals from hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystalline phases produces metal films with a unique ordered nanostructure in which the cylindrical pores of 1.7 to 3.5 nm running through the film are arranged in hexagonal arrays. Nanostructured Pd films were deposited electrochemically from the template mixture of either C₁₆EO₈ or BrijÃ’ 56. Electrochemical studies showed that the metal films have a high electroactive surface area with the specific surface area of the order of 91 m²/g. These values together with the TEM and X-ray data are consistent with the expected H₁ nanostructure. The hydrogen region of nanostructured Pd in the cyclic voltammetry in 1 M H₂SO₄ was more resolved than that of plain Pd because of the thin walls of the nanostructure and the high surface area. We could distinguish the hydrogen adsorption and absorption processes. The permeation of hydrogen into the Pd metal lattice occurs with fast kinetics when the Pd surface is blocked by either crystal violet or Pt. We believe that the hydrogen absorption process takes place without passing through the adsorbed state so that hydrogen diffuses directly into the Pd bulk. This process speeds up when the formation of adsorbed hydrogen is suppressed by the coverage of poisons. These results were compared to those obtained in a heavy water solution to which the Pd electrode was exposed. Adsorption characteristics of deuterium on the Pd metal surface are slightly different to those obtained for hydrogen in previous studies. Diffusion of deuterium into the Pd metal lattice works with fast kinetics under appropriate surface modification.

Monday, March 22, 2010 04:50 PM

New Energy Technologies (01:30 PM - 05:00 PM)