AUTHOR	DATE	TYPE(a)	CLOSED/ OPEN(a)	PRECISION, ±Watt	MAXIMUM AP(b) W, mA/cm2
Huang et al. [1]	1989	Flow-type(c)	open	±0.05	2.3, 450
Kainthla et al. [2]	1989	Isoperibolic(d)	open	±0.05	1.08, 468
Samthanam et al. [3]	1989	Isoperibolic(e)	open	?	1.54, 63
Appleby et al. [4]	1990	Seebeck(e)	open	±0.000001	0.0457, 600
Beizner et al. [5]	1990	DW Isoperibolic (d)	open	~0.1	~1, ~500
Eagleton and Bush [6]	1991	Isoperibolic(d,f)	closed	±0.3	6.0, 450
Scott et al. [7]	1990	Flow-type(c)	open and closed	±0.2	2.0, 600
Fleischmann et al. [8]	1990	Isoperibolic(d)	open	<±0.01	2.8, 1024
Hutchinson[9]	1990	DW Isoperibolic	open	±1.0	4.0, 250
Zahn[10]	1990	Double cell comparison	open	?	~2, 124
Miles et al. [11]	1990	DW Isoperibolic(d)	open	±0.05	0.3, 100
Oriani et al. [12]	1990	Seebeck(d)	open	±0.2	3.2, >1000
Yang et al, [13]	1990	Primative flow-type	open	~±5	9.1, ?
Zhang[14]	1990	Seebeck	open	±0.00001	0.15, ~15
Bertalot et al.[15]	1991	Seebeck	open	±0.005	0.08, 650
Bush et al. [16]	1991	Isoperibolic	open	~±0.05	0.52, 227
McKubre et al. [17]	1991	Flow-type(d)	closed	±0.05	0.5, 660
Noninski[18]	1991	Isoperibolic	open	?	2.6, 80
Yun et al. [19]	1991	Seebeck(e)	Open and closed	±0.01	0.24, 500
Bertalot et al. [20]	1992	Flow-type	open	±0.025	3.0, 190
Gozzi et al. [21]	1992	Isoperibolic(g)	open	±0.63	9.0, ?
Hasegawa et al. [22]	1992	Temperature of cathode	closed	~±0.1	~0.7, ?
McKubre et al. [23]	1992	Flow-type(d)	closed	±0.1	1.2, 440
Ota et al. [24]	1992	Flow-type	closed	~±0.1	1.0, ?
Storms[25]	1993	Isoperibolic(g)	closed	±1.0	7.5, 700
Okamoto et al. [26]	1994	Flow-type	open	±3.5	6.0, 66
Storms[27]	1994	Isoperibolic(d,f)	closed	±0.5	2.0, 600
Bertalot et al. [28]	1995	Flow-type(e)	open	?	11, 2000
Takahashi et al. [29]	1995	Double cell comparison(f)	open	±0.65	3.5, ?
Kamimura et al. [30]	1996	Isoperibolic(g)	closed	±0.25	0.700, 800
Yasuda et al. [31]	1996	Flow-type	closed	±0.05	5.0, ?
Ota, et al. [32]	1996	Flow-type(d)	closed	±0.075	0.29, 750
Szpak et al. [33]	1999	Isoperibolic	open	±0.01	0.4, 133
Storms [34]	2001	Flow-type(d)	closed	±0.03	0.8, 0.75

(a) * A flow-type calorimeter uses flowing water through a jacket that surrounds the cell, or through a coil inside the cell. The flow rate and the temperature change of the water stream are measured. Although this is an absolute method, it must be calibrated because the water can not capture all of the heat.

*The isoperibolic calorimeter determines power production by measuring the temperature drop across the cell wall. The device must be calibrated and is accurate only when the measured temperature represents the average ĘT.

*The double-wall (DW) isoperibolic calorimeter uses an additional thermal barrier outside of the cell across which the temperature drop is measured. The device must be calibrated, but is independent of any temperature variation within the cell.

*The Seebeck calorimeter determines power production by measuring a voltage generated by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of its walls. In this device, all walls are sensitive to this temperature difference, hence any energy that escapes the enclosure will generate a voltage proportional to the amount of power being lost. The device must be calibrated and is independent of the cell temperature. However, the sensitivity of all the walls must be the same to achieve accurate results.

* Double cell comparison uses two nearly identical cells, one of which is active and the other is assumed to make no AP. Heat production is based on the temperature difference between the two cells and accuracy depends on the two cells remaining identical in their properties.

*An open cell allows the generated gases to escape. A closed cell causes the gases to be converted back to water.

(b) Although only one value is given, frequently several different samples of palladium were reported to produce anomalous power (AP). The amount of anomalous energy (AE) is highly variable, depending on how long the active sample was studied.

(c) Calibration could have been unstable.

(d) Calibrated with internal heater and checked with Pt cathode and/or H2O based electrolyte

(e) Calibrated only with internal heater

(f) Mechanical stirring used

(g) Calibrated using only an inert cathode.

References

1. Huang, N., et al. A Flow Calorimeter Used in Duplication of 'Cold Fusion'. in Special Session Cold Fusion, Electrochemical Society. 1989. Hollywood, Fl: Electrochemical Society.

2. Kainthla, R.C., et al., Sporadic observation of the Fleischmann-Pons heat effect. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34: p. 1315.

3. Santhanam, K.S.V., et al., Electrochemically initiated cold fusion of deuterium. Indian J. Technol., 1989. 27: p. 175.

4. Appleby, A.J., et al. Anomalous Calorimetric Results During Long-Term Evolution of Deuterium on Palladium from Alkaline Deuteroxide Electrolyte. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

5. Belzner, A., et al., Two fast mixed-conductor systems: deuterium and hydrogen in palladium - thermal measurements and experimental considerations. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 219.

6. Eagleton, R.D. and R.T. Bush, Calorimetric experiments supporting the transmission resonance model for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 239.

7. Scott, C.D., et al., Measurement of excess heat and apparent coincident increases in the neutron and gamma-ray count rates during the electrolysis of heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 103.

8. Fleischmann, M., et al., Calorimetry of the palladium-deuterium-heavy water system. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 287: p. 293.

9. Hutchinson, D.P., et al., Initial Calorimetry Experiments in the Physics Division -ORNL. 1990, Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL/TM-11356: Oak Ridge, TN.

10. Zahm, L.L., et al., Experimental investigations of the electrolysis of D2O using palladium cathodes and platinum anodes. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 281: p. 313.

11. Miles, M.H., K.H. Park, and D.E. Stilwell, Electrochemical calorimetric evidence for cold fusion in the palladium-deuterium system. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 296: p. 241.

12. Oriani, R.A., et al., Calorimetric measurements of excess power output during the cathodic charging of deuterium into palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 652.

13. Yang, C.-S., et al. Observation of Excess Heat and Tritium on Electrolysis of D2O. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Insitute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

14. Zhang, Z.L., et al. Calorimetric Observation Combined with the Detection of Particle Emissions During the Electrolysis of Heavy Water. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

15. Bertalot, L., et al. Analysis of Tritium and Heat Excess in Electrochemical Cells With Pd Cathodes. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

16. Bush, B.F., et al., Helium production during the electrolysis of D2O in cold fusion experiments. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 304: p. 271.

17. McKubre, M.C.H., et al. Isothermal Flow Calorimetric Investigations of the D/Pd System. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

18. Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Determination of the excess energy obtained during the electrolysis of heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 364.

19. Yun, K.-S., et al., Calorimetric observation of heat production during electrolysis of 0.1 M LiOD + D2O solution. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 306: p. 279.

20. Bertalot, L., et al. Study of Deuterium Charging in Palladium by the Electrolysis of Heavy Water: Search for Heat Excess and Nuclear Ashes. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

21. Gozzi, D., et al. Experiments with Global Detection of Cold Fusion Byproducts. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

22. Hasegawa, N., et al. Observation of Excess Heat during Electrolysis of 1 M LiOD in a Fuel Cell Type Closed Cell. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

23. McKubre, M.C.H., et al. Excess Power Observations in Electrochemical Studies of the D/Pd System; The Influence of Loading. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

24. Ota, K., et al. Heat Production at the Heavy Water Electrolysis Using Mechanically Treated Cathode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

25. Storms, E., Measurements of excess heat from a Pons-Fleischmann-type electrolytic cell using palladium sheet. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 230.

26. Okamoto, M., et al., Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 176.

27. Storms, E., Some Characteristics of Heat Production Using the "Cold Fusion" Effect. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 96.

28. Bertalot, L., et al. Power Excess Production in Electrolysis Experiments at ENEA Frascati. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

29. Takahashi, A., et al. Experimental Correlation Between Excess Heat and Nuclear Products. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

30. Kamimura, H., et al. Excess Heat in Fuel Cell Type Cells from Pure Pd Cathodes Annealed at High Temperatures. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion,Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

31. Yasuda, K., Y. Nitta, and A. Takahashi. Study of Excess Heat and Nuclear Products with Closed D2O Electrolysis Systems. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

32. Ota, K., et al. Heat Measurement During the Heavy Water Electrolysis using Pd Cathode. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

33. Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and M.H. Miles, Calorimetry of the Pd+D codeposition. Fusion Technol., 1999. 36: p. 234.

34. Storms, E. Excess Power Production from Platinum Cathodes Using the Pons-Fleischmann Effect. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.