W41.00001 : Cold Fusion – A 17 Year Retrospective
(Source: New Energy Times)
2:30 PM–2:42 PM
Michael C. H. McKubre,
Francis L. Tanzella,
(SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Seventeen years after the APS voted to refute the reality of Cold Fusion in Baltimore, it is appropriate to consider what has changed. Who was right? We will review the current state of knowledge from the perspective of what we know now compared to what we knew then. Discussion will be made of various avenues of research that have followed from the original Fleischmann-Pons proposal: some failed, some unresolved and some successful.
W41.00002 : Recent Developments in Cold Fusion / Condensed Matter Nuclear Science
2:42 PM–2:54 PM
Steven B. Krivit
(New Energy Times, 11664 National Blvd., Suite 142, Los Angeles, CA 90064)
Krivit will present a brief overview and update of the cold fusion field; reviewing the scientific, political and publishing progress, and the developing commercial interests.
Krivit is the editor of New Energy Times, the leading source of information for cold fusion field, an author of the 2005 book, The Rebirth of Cold Fusion, and founder of New Energy Institute.
W41.00003 : Role of Finite Size in Triggering Excess Heat: Why Nanoscale PdD Crystals Turn on Faster
2:54 PM–3:06 PM
Scott Chubb
Research Systems Inc, 9822 Pebble Weigh Ct., Burke, VA 22015
Two persistent questions have been: 1. Why is a finite triggering time required after the near full-loading condition (PdDx, 0.85 \approx < x >1) before the Excess Heat effect {C.G. Beaudette, Excess Heat: Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed. (Oak Grove Press, Bristol, ME, 2002)} is observed? 2. Is it possible to identify physical properties of the materials and/or crystals that are used that might be playing a role in the length of the interval of time associated with this phenomenon? In the talk, through a generalization { S.R. Chubb, "Role of Broken Gauge Symmetry on Conduction of Charged and Neutral Particles in Finite Lattices," submitted to Proc Roy. Soc Series A (2005).} of conventional energy band theory, as it applies to infinitely-repeating, periodic lattices to situations involving finite lattices, I have been able to address both questions. In particular, the tunneling time depends on crystal size. Crystals with dimensions approx <6 nm, which have tunneling times approx microseconds, either can not provide enough momentum to initiate d+d > 4He reactions or conduct ion charge so rapidly that collisions occur. Crystals with dimensions 60nm create heat and load rapidly (approx 3 ms). But crystals with dimensions > approx 60 microns have tunneling times that are longer than a month.
U33.00004 : Reproducibility of Excess of
Power and Evidence of 4He in Palladium Foils Loaded with
Deuterium
8:36 AM-8:48 AM
M.M. Apicella, G. Mazzitelli, F. Sarto, E. Santoro, V. Violante
(ENEA Frascati Research Center, V.le E. Fermi, 45 00044 Frascati
(RM), Italy)
H. Branover, A. El Boher, S. Lesin, T. Zilov ( Energetics, Ltd,
Omer Industrial Park 84965 Israel)
I. Dardik, (Energetics LLC 7 Fieldview Lane, Califon, NJ 07830)
E. Castagna, C. Sibilia, (La Sapienza University, Via Scarpa, 14
00100 (Roma) Italy)
M. McKubre, F. Tanzella, (SRI International 333 Ravenswood Ave,
Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA)
Research at ENEA was oriented to material
science study, in order to increase the deuterium concentration
in palladium foils undergone to electrochemical loading and to
triggering, in order to increase the reproducibility of excess
of power production. Laser irradiation was used as trigger.
Isoperibolic and flow calorimetry operating with electrochemical
cells have been developed in order to reveal excess of power
production. Nuclear ashes detection has been performed by means
of high resolution and high sensitivity mass spectrometer.
Material science studies allowed to obtain a palladium showing
high solubility for hydrogen isotopes and giving deuterium
concentration at equilibrium larger than 0.95 (as D/Pd atomic
fraction) with a reproducibility larger than 90%. Excess of
power experiments have been successfully carried out at
Energetics Laboratory and at SRI. by using materials prepared at
ENEA.Preliminary measurements give an 4He signal in reasonable
agreement with the expected D+D = 4He + heat reaction.
U33.00005 : Kinetics and Lumped
Parameter Model of Tardive Excess Thermal Power
8:48 AM-9:00 AM
Mitchell Swartz (JET Thermal Products, Wellesley, MA)
The time-integral of tardive excess thermal
power (TETP) was previously misnamed "heat after
death" {Pons, S., Fleischman, M., Trans Fusion Tech, 26,
4T, Part 2, p. 87 (1994).}. We have examined the kinetics of
tardive excess thermal power (TETP) which occurs after driving,
fully loaded, activated, spiral wound cold fusion Phusor
cathodes (Pd/D2O/Pt; {Swartz. M., G. Verner, Proc. ICCF-10
(2004).}, {Swartz. M., Proc.ICCF-10 (2003).}) at their optimal
operating point {Swartz, M., Fusion Technology, 31, 63-74
(1997).}. TETP, after input electrical power produced an excess
power (compared to an ohmic joule control) of 165+/-15 percent
[excess power ~ 1.3 Watts], had kinetics suggestive of two
distinct sources or physical active regions within the lattice
{Swartz. M., G. Verner, ICCF-11 (2004).}. An electrical
engineering TETP model had good correlation. The active
palladium lattice has a deuteron-loading capacitance of ~64
micromoles per volt*. The lattice admittance for the TETP
reactions (~7 picomoles/[sec-volt*]) is dwarfed by the
admittance for outgassing deuteron loss (~15 nanomoles/[sec-volt*]).
U33.00006 : Models for Anomalies in
Metal Deuterides
9:00 AM-9:12 AM
Peter L. Hagelstein (Research Laboratory of Electronics,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139)
There have been a great many claims for
anomalies in experiments on metal deuterides, including excess
heat, heat correlated with helium, slow tritium, low-level dd-fusion,
and particle emission not produced by dd-fusion reactions. We
have studied models that involve phonon exchange with a highly
excited phonon mode in the case of fusion reactions and
disintegrations. We have recently generalized the approach to
include phonon- mediated nuclear excitations. The resulting
models may be applicable to experiments in which evidence for
penetrating radiation is found, as well as to some transmutation
effects.
U33.00007 : Bloch-Sensitive
Nuclides
9:12 AM-9:24 AM
Talbot A. Chubb (Physicist Consultant, 5023 N 38th St.,
Arlington, VA)
Documented condensed matter nuclear science
includes Fleischmann and Pons radiationless dd fusion reactions,
Iwamura alpha-addition transmutations, and Oriani MeV particle
showers. All require partitioned coherent matter in which
fractions of each single ``wave like" particle are
entangled {T. A. Chubb, ``Bloch Nuclides, Iwamura
Transmutations, and Oriani Showers", ICCF11 Abstract}. If
the work required to bring side-by-side deuterons into contact
is somehow reduced enough, an energy-minimizing 2-body
anti-correlation form of wave function replaces the
"molecule" configuration, allowing cold fusion. In the
Iwamura process, a second fusion step fuses 2 spin-zero
4He2+Bloch ions to form 8Be4+ Bloch. The nuclear ground state
energy of the product nucleus is a function of the number of
fragments into which it is partitioned. It is "Bloch
sensitive", i.e., its energy level is a function of Nwell,
the number of potential wells into which the 8Be4+
Bloch is partitioned. The dependence of
energy on lattice parameter Nwell strongly couples
nuclear and electromagnetic forces at the boundary of the
coherently ordered volume, causing energy transfer to the
lattice.
U33.00008 : Experiment and Theory for
Nuclear Reactions in Nano-Materials Show e14 - e16 Solid-State
Fusion Reactions
9:24 AM-9:36 AM
Russ George (D2Fusion Inc. San Francisco,CA)
Nano-lattices of deuterium loving metals exhibit coherent
behavior by populations of deuterons (d's) occupying a Bloch
state. Therein, coherent d-overlap occurs wherein the Bloch
condition reduces the Coulomb barrier. Overlap of dd pairs
provides a high probability fusion will/must occur. SEM photo
evidence showing fusion events is now revealed by laboratories
that load or flux d into metal nano-domains. Solid-state dd
fusion creates an excited 4He nucleus entangled in the large
coherent population of d's. This contrasts with plasma dd fusion
in collision space where an isolated excited 4He nucleus seeks
the ground state via fast particle emission. In momentum limited
solid state fusion, fast particle emission is effectively
forbidden. Photographed nano-explosive events are beyond the
scope of chemistry. Corroboration of the nuclear nature derives
from photographic observation of similar events on spontaneous
fission, e.g. Cf. We present predictive theory, heat production,
and helium isotope data showing reproducible e14 to e16
solid-state fusion reactions.
U33.00009 : Simultaneous Excess Power
And Anomalous Radiation
9:36 AM-9:48 AM
Melvin H. Miles (Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of LaVerne, CA )
Experimental studies of a Pd/D2O + LiOD/Pt
electrolysis cell displayed the characteristics of the excess
power effect during seven occasions over a 22-day period { M.H.
Miles, J. Electroanal. Chem., 482, 56 (2000).}. These
measurements clearly show the anomalous increase in the cell
temperature from two thermistors despite the steadily decreasing
electrical input power during electrolysis. During this same
time period, the cell thermistor located close to the palladium
cathode showed strange temperature excursions that suggest
electromagnetic radiation emissions from this cathode { M.H.
Miles, "NEDO Final Report", March 31, 1998. {http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/milesmnedofinalr.pdf}.
These sudden temperature excursions ranged from 1 to 16 degrees
C and quickly returned to normal. The second thermistor in this
cell that was located at a more distant position, where any
electromagnetic radiation from the cathode would have to pass
through the platinum anode, showed only normal temperature
behavior. Later studies using a set of five thermistors also
showed anomalous temperature excursions for any thermistors
placed in close contact with a Cs-137 radioactive source
(b-decay, 94% 0.511 MeV energy). However, the number of such
temperature excursions using Cs-137 was much less than the
number observed in the active Pd/D2O electrolysis
cell for the same time period.
U33.00010 : Low Mass 1.6 MHz Sonofusion
Device
9:48 AM-10:00 AM
Roger S. Stringham (First Gate Energies, PO Box 1230 Kilauea, HI
96754, Phone: 808 828 2859)
We have developed a much improved
cavitation system for sonofusion, compared to our initial
systems. The new system is a low mass 1.6 MHz unit that produces
40 watts of excess heat with an acoustic input power of 17
watts. The increase in frequency (to 1.6 MHz from 40 KHz)
increases the heat, improves the performance, shows reproducible
results, and indicates durability. The calorimetry is a simple
in flow through system. The difference between output and input
temperature at steady-state, times the flow gives the power
(calories/s) output of the sonofusion reactor. The energy
density of this system is of the order of commercial energy
suppliers.
U33.00011 : Cold Fusion, A Journalistic
Investigation
10:00 AM-10:12 AM
Steven B. Krivit (New Energy Times, 11664 National Blvd., Suite
142, Los Angeles, CA 90064)
Coauthor of the recent book, The
Rebirth of Cold Fusion, and founder of New Energy Times,
Steven B. Krivit presents a summary of cold fusion's, past,
present and possible future. This talk will briefly review five
highlights of the recent New Energy Times investigation into
cold fusion research:
1. Analysis of early studies that
supposedly disproved cold fusion.
2. Key early corroborations that supported the claims of
Fleischmann and Pons.
3. The evolving understanding of cold fusion reaction paths and
by-products.
4. Brief comparison of the progress in hot fusion research as
compared to cold fusion research.
U33.00012 : Why You Should Believe Cold
Fusion is Real
10:12 AM-10:24 AM
Edmund K. Storms (Lattice Energy, LLC, 2140 Paseo Ponderosa,
Santa Fe, NM 87501)
Nuclear reactions are now claimed to be
initiated in certain solid materials at an energy too low to
overcome the Coulomb barrier. These reactions include fusion,
accelerated radioactive decay, and transmutation involving heavy
elements. Evidence is based on hundreds of measurements of
anomalous energy using a variety of calorimeters at levels far
in excess of error, measurement of nuclear products using many
normally accepted techniques, observations of many patterns of
behavior common to all studies, measurement of anomalous
energetic emissions using accepted techniques, and an
understanding of most variables that have hindered
reproducibility in the past. This evidence can be found at {www.lenr-canr.org}.
Except for an accepted theory, the claims have met all
requirements normally required before a new idea is accepted by
conventional science, yet rejection continues. How long can the
US afford to reject a clean and potentially cheap source of
energy, especially when other nations are attempting to develop
this energy and the need for such an energy source is so great?
U33.00013 : Framework for Understanding
LENR Processes, Using Ordinary Condensed Matter Physics
10:24 AM-10:36 AM
Scott Chubb (Research Systems, Inc., 9822 Pebble Weigh Ct.,
Burke, VA 22015-3378)
As I have emphasized {S.R. Chubb, Proc.
ICCF10 (in press), also http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRnutsandbol.pdf},
S.R. Chubb, Trans. Amer. Nuc. Soc. 88 , 618 (2003).}, in
discussions of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions(LENRs), mainstream
many-body physics ideas have been largely ignored. A key point
is that in condensed matter, delocalized, wave-like effects can
allow large amounts of momentum to be transferred instantly to
distant locations, without any particular particle (or
particles) acquiring high velocity through a Broken Gauge
Symmetry. Explicit features in the electronic structure explain
how this can occur in finite size PdD crystals, with real
boundaries. The essential physics can be related to standard
many-body techniques. {Burke,P.G. and K.A. Berrington, {Atomic
and Molecular Processes: an R matrix Approach, (Bristol: IOP
Publishing, 1993).}. In the paper, I examine this relationship,
the relationship of the theory to other LENR theories, and the
importance of certain features (for example, boundaries) that
are not included in the other LENR theories.
U33.00014 : Morphology of fission gas
bubbles in fissioning uranium metal closely
Russ George (D2Fusion Inc. San Francisco, CA)
We investigate by SEM the micro-structural
and basic phenomenological mechanisms governing the fission-gas
and fusion-gas behaviour in metals. This comparative study
clearly shows the characteristics of fission-gas bubbles
(primarily helium and xenon) in uranium fuel metals have the
same characteristics as fusion-gas bubbles (helium) in the
solid-state fusion metal - palladium. The remarkably similar
characteristic morphology clearly identifies the nuclear
phenomenological origins of the gas bubbles in the palladium
metal which are correlated and explained by the presence of a
large amount of DD fusion. Allied evidence of anomalous heat
production during cold fusion experiments suggests the nuclear
process. Further analysis of these fusion metals by mass
spectroscopy clearly identifies anomalous helium isotopes in
large quantity were trapped in the palladium metal.
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